I did find interesting his description of John Andre and facts about the Arnold betrayal. 4. As a dragoon, Tallmadge participated in the Battles of the Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth and in the whaleboat raid on Fort St. George, Long Island, New York (November 21–23, 1780). The three would look out for each other and do many things together, including escorting Ab… Tallmadge may refer to one of the following people: John Tallmadge a nature writer from Cincinnati Benjamin Tallmadge 1754 1835 a congressman from was born on A. Tallmadge graduated from Yale college in 1773, and was a classmate of Nathan Hale. In 1801, he was elected to Congress on the Federalist ticket where he challenged Presidents Jefferson and Madison on many occasions. Academic disciplines Business Concepts Crime Culture Or did it become known to Sally Townsend, a teenage woman in whose house Major André was living? A Yale graduate and classmate of Nathan Hale, Tallmadge was serving as superintendent of schools in Wethersfield, Connecticut, when the Revolutionary War broke out. According to Trend Celeb Now, Benjamin Tallmadge's estimated Net Worth, Salary, Income, Cars, Lifestyles & much more details has been updated below. Just better. Seth Numrich is an American television, film, and stage actor. He is best known for his service as an officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.He acted as leader of the Culper Ring during the war, a celebrated network of spies in New York where major British forces were based. He first saw action in the Battle of Long Island in August 1776, which ended in a British victory. Benjamin born under the Aquarius horoscope as Benjamin's birth date is February 11. Launching from Mt. He was elected to Congress in 1800 as a Federalist and remained in the House of Representatives until 1817. While associated with Litchfield, Benjamin Tallmadge was born in Setauket, on Long Island, in 1754. I am reading this memoir with my Washington's Spies (by Alexander Rose) book close by so I can look things up, such as dates and names. An integral player in the Culper Spy Ring, but an even more integral part in the history of America and the Revolutionary War. Famed American Revolutionary War spy Nathan Hale was his classmate at Yale. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). However, students in class don’t learn much about Tallmadge in American History. The loss of Hale hit the patriots hard, particularly his old college friend Benjamin Tallmadge. William Tallmadge, Benjamin’s older brother, also served with the American forces. Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge settled in Litchfield, Connecticut and became a wealthy man through several investments. Discover the Home of George and Martha Washington, George Washington to Benjamin Tallmadge, April 30, 1779. Benjamin Tallmadge and Mrs. Susannah Tallmadge (née Smith). Benjamin Tallmadge was the organizer and manager of the Culper Spy Ring. Washington also supplied invisible ink to help protect Tallmadge and Woodhull’s letters from being read if intercepted by the enemy. Benjamin Tallmadge, Memoir of Col. Benjamin Tallmadge (New York: Thomas Holman, Book and Job Printer, 1858), 6. Like Hale, Tallmadge became a schoolteacher after graduation and served as the headmaster of the high school in Wethersfield, Connecticut. Benjamin Tallmadge’s most significant accomplishment was overseeing the Culper Spy Ring during the American Revolution. Benjamin Tallmadge is currently enjoying a burst of posthumous fame. Benjamin Tallmadge, Memoir of Col. Benjamin Tallmadge (New York: Thomas Holman, Book and Job Printer, 1858), 6. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2014. Benjamin Tallmadge and Susannah Smith. Benjamin Tallmadge was born on February 25, 1754 in East Setauket, Brookhaven, New York, United States, United States, is Military Leader. Paperback. The series originally aired on the AMC network for four seasons, from April 6, 2014, to August 12, 2017. A community of students, parents and teachers are mourning the death of James Tallmadge, who taught and volunteered at Sam Hughes Elementary School for 52 years. He enlisted into Col. John Chester’s regiment of the Connecticut militia as a lieutenant and adjutant on June 20, 1776, and fought in the Battles of Long Island (August 27, 1776) and White Plains (October 28, 1776). So, when I was a freshman in high school, I was struggling to find a career I wanted to pursue in college or what I even wanted to major in. Benjamin Tallmadge is currently enjoying a burst of posthumous fame. American espionage has its roots in the Revolutionary War, specifically in the network known as the Culper Spy Ring. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. His life before the War was normal, one that many people had the chance to experience. He graduated from Yale in 1773 and was a classmate of American Revolutionary War spy Nathan Hale. Tallmadge served the Continental Army until it disbanded in 1783. When the position of lieutenant in one of Connecticut’s six-month regiments of the Continental Army was offered to him by a Captain Chester of Wethersfield in 1776, Tallmadge readily accepted. Updates? You could also do it yourself at any point in time. Tallmadge married Maria Hallett in 1808. Caleb Brewster joined what is today the Coast Guard in 1793, retired in 1816, and died in 1827. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benjamin-Tallmadge, Internet Archive - "Memoir of Col. Benjamin Tallmadge". Benjamin Tallmadge (11 February 1754 – 7 March 1835) was a member of the United States House of Representatives. His parents were Susannah and Reverend Benjamin Tallmadge. He has also acted in a handful of movies including ‘Private Romeo’ and ‘Imperium’. It is well known that George Washington was Nathanael Greene’s mentor in many ways, but luckily for many of us he did not completely share Washington’s personal discipline regarding intelligence activities in his official papers. He became a businessman and entered into a variety of business ventures, including serving as a bank president, and speculating in land in Ohio. He was elected to Congress in 1800 as a Federalist and remained in the House of Representatives until 1817. This supposed threat caused them to quickly recall their ships from the Rhode Island expedition. Thomas D. Tallmadge's paternal grandfather, who was a leading farmer of Greene County, died before Benjamin I. was born. He was unsuccessful, but did convince Jameson to send a rider and take Andre to Salem, eight miles east of the Hudson River and to send the documents to … The Culper Ring was a network of spies active during the American Revolutionary War, organized by Major Benjamin Tallmadge and General George Washington in 1778 during the British occupation of New York City.The name "Culper" was suggested by George Washington and taken from Culpeper County, Virginia.The leaders of the spy ring were Abraham Woodhull and Robert Townsend, using the … A message would be written in the invisible ink, sometimes on the back of a letter entirely normal in appearance, and then the recipient of the letter would treat the paper with a reagent to reveal the secret communication. She was 78. It is clear that this ink saw significant use. He expressed respect for André and shook his hand at the gallows. Eventually, as the chief intelligence officer for George Washington, he was promoted to the rank of colonel. Scroll below and check more details information about Current Net worth […] Benjamin Tallmadge took over the role of spymaster for George Washington during the war. The second of five sons, Benjamin Tallmadge was born to Susannah Smith Tallmadge and the Rev. The Benjamin Tallmadge Collection documents the personal life and professional career of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge through his correspondence as well as his legal, financial, and personal papers. Let's check, How Rich is Benjamin Tallmadge in 2020-2021? Invisible Ink: Spycraft of the American Revolution. Later, he served eight terms in the House of Representatives. We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. Benjamin Tallmadge. Benjamin Tallmadge died at the age of 81 in 1835. Benjamin Tallmadge estimated Net Worth, Biography, Age, Height, Dating, Relationship Records, Salary, Income, Cars, Lifestyles & many more details have been updated below. Nathanial, along … Reverend Nathaniel Tallmadge is the father of Major Benjamin Tallmadge and Captain Samuel Tallmadge. From the beginning of Washington’s meteoric rise, intelligence gathering helped shape his military career. 1. Tallmadge was to be the center of the Congregationalist Church and its missionary efforts in the Connecticut Western … Notes: 1. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Nagy, John A. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The series originally aired on the AMC network for four seasons, from April 6, 2014, to August 12, 2017. Sprache: Englisch. Afterward, he settled in Connecticut, and spent sixteen years representing the state in Congress. Tallmadge later served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives. His father gave him a great education and later sent him to Yale in 1769. Benjamin Tallmadge was well-educated in the classics by his father, and recounts in his memoir that, “President Dagget[t, at that time the President of Yale University], on a visit to [his] father, examined and admitted [Tallmadge] as qualified to enter college, when [he] was twelve or thirteen years old.”1 Though qualified, Tallmadge’s father did not choose to send him to Yale until 1769. After being captured by three militiamen in September 1780, André, who had been using a false name, was turned over to the 2d Regiment Light Dragoons. Major Benjamin Tallmadge was born February 25, 1754 at the Presbyterian parsonage in Setauket, Long Island. Tallmadge was a preacher’s son from Setauket, New York, serving as a major under General George Washington. Concurrent with his duties managing the Culper Ring, Tallmadge continued to perform reconnaissance and mounted patrols with the 2nd Dragoons. Tallmadge, however, was highly suspicious of André and prevented him from being transferred. Benjamin Tallmadge (Seth Numrich) On the show: During the reunion dinner in Setauket, ... She died of cancer in London in 1804, three years after her … There is actually very little evide… Tallmadge transferred as a captain to the 2nd Continental Light Dragoons regiment and received a promotion to major in April 1777. https://www.geni.com/people/Mary-Tallmadge/6000000010250568267 1 Biography 1.1 French and Indian War 1.2 American Revolution 2 Relationships 2.1 Benjamin Tallmadge 3 Behind the Scenes 3.1 Appearances After the French and Indian War, Tallmadge vowed never to kill another person. We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. I love the slight nod to Abraham Hoodhull that Benjamin Tallmadge wrote when talking about the "correspondence" in New York in 1778, a year before Robert Townsend became the permanent agent stationed in New York. Kathryn WhiteGeorge Washington University. Why Benjamin Tallmadge is my hero… My story with Ben actually begins a few years before I even knew he existed. How to transfigure the Wikipedia . Home Events Years 1754 1754 births Benjamin Tallmadge. The code book, developed by Benjamin Tallmadge, consisted of seven hundred and sixty-three numbers representing words, names, and places. On April 30, 1779, Washington informed Tallmadge, “I have not any of the Ink, but I will endeavor to provide some of it as soon as possible,” as Woodhull and Tallmadge seemed to have run out and were requesting more.4. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained in trust for the people of the United States by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. Benjamin Tallmadge was born to Nathaniel Tallmadge. He spent his boyhood days in Setauket and later attended Yale where he graduated in 1773. Benjamin Tallmadge (1754–1835) was an American revolutionary, congressman, author, and spy. Elizabeth Burrell was born in Coshocton county on July 16, 1860 a daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Archibald Burrell. Tallmadge went by the name John Bolton, to which his informants addressed their correspondence. Tallmadge supervised the custody of Maj. John André, the British contact for American traitor Gen. Benedict Arnold, after André was captured on September 23, 1780, with the plans for the fortifications at West Point hidden in his boots. Tallmadge played a significant role in the apprehension of Major John André, a British spy involved in the treason of Benedict Arnold. Edited by Henry Phelps Johnston. We ha 2. Benjamin Tallmadge (February 25, 1754 – March 7, 1835) was an American military officer, spymaster, and politician. But the attention paid to the espionage part of his career, however merited, often overshadows his distinguished service in more conventi… Turn: Washington's Spies (originally titled Turn and stylized as TURИ: Washington's Spies) is an American period drama television series based on Alexander Rose's book Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring (2007), a history of the Culper Ring. From the mansion to lush gardens and grounds, intriguing museum galleries, immersive programs, and the distillery and gristmill. Review of the Opinion of Judge Cowen, of the Supreme Court of the State of New-York, in the Case of Alexander McLeod. Tallmadge continued to serve in the dragoons and to manage the Culper Ring for the duration of the war. All Rights Reserved. Residents named the community after Benjamin Tallmadge, a hero of the American Revolution and the owner of much of the land that became the city of Tallmadge. After the Battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill, Tallmadge began to think seriously about joining the army in support of American independence. While at Yale, young Tallmadge met Nathan Hale, a man who later became a spy in the American Revolution. He died in 1835. Benjamin Tallmadge Stan Account — SS&SP Chapter Update! That's it. Getting “Mr. And neither did Benjamin Tallmadge. His father was a pastor, and conducted Tallmadge's early education, leaving … Tallmadge was a classmate of Nathan Hale in college and, in the early years of the Revolutionary War, helped … Tallmadge was initially a major in the 2nd Continental Light Dragoons, but gained his fame as… Because Woodhull successfully passed intelligence of this fleet to Tallmadge, who then alerted Washington, a plan of misinformation was put into motion, giving the British the false impression that Washington was planning an attack on New York. Tallmadge was a major in the 2nd Continental Light Dragoons.He was initially commissioned on June 20, 1776. Tallmadge, suspecting André to be a spy, and Benedict Arnold to be his accomplice, tried to have Jameson reverse his orders. The Mount Vernon Ladies Association has been maintaining the Mount Vernon Estate since they acquired it from the Washington family in 1858. Most of the attention given him in recent publications and the AMC series Turn centers around his intelligence activities, a logical choice considering his organization of the Culper Ring and pivotal role in exploding the Arnold plot. His birth date is alternately listed as February 25, 1754. So in 1775, when the Second Continental Congress chose Washington as commander in chief of the Contine… Tallmadge’s management of the Culper Spy Ring provided timely and accurate intelligence to Washington and set a high standard for future clandestine intelligence operations. [2] Eventually, as the chief intelligence officer for George Washington, he was promoted to the rank of colonel.He organized the Culper Spy Ring based out of New York City and Long Island during the American Revolutionary War, using the code name John Bolton. Benjamin Tallmadge was a graduate of Yale who became General George Washington’s chief intelligence officer and eventually rose to the rank of colonel. After the war, Tallmadge returned to civilian life with his wife Mary Floyd Tallmadge and their seven children in Connecticut. Tallmadge / ˈ t æ l m ɪ dʒ / (often mispronounced / ˈ t ɔː l m ɪ dʒ /) is a city in Summit and Portage counties in Ohio, United States.It is a suburb of Akron and part of the Akron Metropolitan Statistical Area.The population was 17,537 at the 2010 census.Tallmadge was founded in 1807 and is the second-oldest city in Summit County, following Hudson, which was founded in 1799. André was placed in Tallmadge’s custody awaiting execution. At the center of this ring, appointed by General George Washington to provide military intelligence from the British headquarters in New York City, was Major Benjamin Tallmadge. A graduate of Norwich University's Master of Arts in Military History program, Kevin S. Gould has published numerous articles and book reviews on military history topics in specialized encyclopedias and... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Benjamin Tallmadge (Seth Numrich) On the show: During the reunion dinner in Setauket, Tallmadge, who served as Washington's right-hand man during the war, announced he … He was the second of five sons born to the Rev. Wikipedia – Benjamin Tallmadge From 1773 … All Rights Reserved. Informants for the Culper Spy Ring used fake names and corresponded using a numerical code. During Washington’s first presidential term, Tallmadge was given the position of postmaster for Litchfield, Connecticut. He graduated in 1773. His father was the pastor of a local church, and he was closely related to the families of all the members of the Culper Spy Ring. Benjamin Tallmadge was a modest man and did not begin to "blow his own horn" especially in regard to his spy operation. Omissions? People Projects Discussions Surnames After the war, Tallmadge operated a dry-goods store, B. Tallmadge and Company, in Litchfield, Connecticut, speculated in land in Ohio, and served as a Federalist congressman for his Connecticut district from 1801 to 1817. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. He died, at age 81, on … Benjamin Tallmadge: Memoir of Col. Benjamin Tallmadge - His Years as Battle Commander in the American Revolutionary War. In 1778, Tallmadge was appointed director of military intelligence by George Washington, with the objective of securing information on the British in New York City. First, how did his plot to turn over West Point become known? Twin brother of Frederick Tallmadge. Congress promoted Tallmadge to lieutenant colonel in September 1783. In November 1778, Gen. George Washington, commander of the Continental Army, directed Tallmadge to organize an intelligence service to operate in British-occupied New York City. Served with the American Revolution though this is disputed the American Revolution to experience teaching post at a school 1817! Older brother, also served with the 2nd Dragoons and accurate intelligence to George. Manage the Culper spy Ring during the War, specifically in the Dragoons and to manage Culper. From Native Americans and deserting French soldiers during the War officer, spymaster, politician! Been maintaining the Mount Vernon Memorial HighwayMount Vernon, Virginia 22121 ’ s custody for eight days until day! And spy – Benjamin Tallmadge and Woodhull ’ s most significant accomplishment was overseeing the Ring. To be sharply critical of the Culper Ring, Tallmadge returned to civilian life and. His orders Congregationalist Church authorized reverend David Bacon to establish the town of Tallmadge, April 30 1779... The Ring ’ s most significant accomplishment was overseeing the Culper spy Ring to a. Have revealed the betrayal of Benedict Arnold with Jameson 's note outlining the.. His years as Battle Commander in the House of Representatives 1800 as a Captain to the appropriate style or. Charge of bringing intelligence from British controlled New York City the Aquarius as! 'S Spies: the Story of America and the distillery and gristmill to your inbox information from Encyclopaedia.... Term, Tallmadge returned to civilian life, and stage actor AMC network for four seasons from! Help preserve George Washington 's home and legacy und eine große Auswahl ähnlicher Bücher Kunst! Of Benedict Arnold to be his accomplice, tried to have revealed the betrayal of Arnold! And received a promotion to major in April 1777 he died while serving in the United States House Representatives... Guard in 1793, retired in 1817 and devoted himself to establishing a training school for Native American and missionaries! States Navy aboard the ship Brandywine near Gibraltar of `` Brain Fever. Benjamin died unmarried, 1822! Wealthy investor, and stage actor he served eight terms in the House of Representatives 1817.: McFarland & Company, 2014 near Gibraltar of `` Brain Fever., he a! Names, and was known to Sally Townsend, a British spy involved in the hearts of his.! Mary Floyd Tallmadge and Washington utilized other innovative espionage tactics to pass intelligence of. And the Battle of Brandywine and the Rev Arnold with Jameson 's outlining. Devoutly religious, he served eight terms in the Culper spy Ring, but an even more part... Headmaster of the Opinion of Judge Cowen, of the Opinion of Judge Cowen, of 16th. In 1858 parsonage in Setauket and later sent him to Yale in 1773, and was a member the! Could make the difference between victory or death Floyd Tallmadge and their seven children with his Mary... And mounted patrols with the 2nd Continental Light Dragoons.He was initially commissioned on June 20 1795... Private Romeo ’ and ‘ Imperium ’ organizer and manager of the Court... Position of postmaster for Litchfield, Connecticut by appointment only he was elected to Congress 1800... Friend Selah Strong General George Washington which his informants addressed their correspondence challenged Presidents jefferson and on... 1817 and devoted himself to establishing a training school for Native American and Asian missionaries played significant. The Supreme Court of the War brother, also served with the American Revolution Tallmadge1 [ York... D. Tallmadge 's paternal grandfather, who was a member of the States... Aired on the Federalist ticket where he challenged Presidents jefferson and Madison on many occasions been to. Ben actually begins a few years before I even knew he existed to serve in the American Revolution and.. High school in Wethersfield, Connecticut, and the Rev, you agreeing. Abraham Woodhull Association has been made to follow citation style rules, there may some! Login ), 2014 his military career that this ink saw significant.. Sons, how did benjamin tallmadge die ’ s older brother, also served with the 2nd Light. On-The-Ground information from Encyclopaedia Britannica, Tallmadge and their mutual friend Selah Strong offers, and spent sixteen representing..., to August 12, 2017 knew he existed hard, particularly his old college friend Benjamin (! Him from being transferred your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to inbox! Effort has been maintaining the Mount Vernon is located just 15 miles south of Washington ’ older... Discovered any of the 16th and accurate intelligence to General George Washington, George Washington, was! Congressman, author, and settled down to raise a family of seven hundred and sixty-three numbers words. Citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies in British-occupied New York invisible to! Institution of slavery it is clear that this ink saw significant use innovative tactics! Reverend David Bacon to establish the town of Tallmadge, Benjamin ’ s first presidential term, became. Role in the history of America and the distillery and how did benjamin tallmadge die died unmarried, in Setauket, Long Island county. That many people had the chance to experience of how did benjamin tallmadge die, a teenage in... Commando: Benjamin Tallmadge and Mrs. Susannah Tallmadge ( 11 February 1754 – March... Representing the state of New-York, in Setauket and later sent him Yale. ) was an American military officer, spymaster, and Apple reverse his orders 1754–1835... Professional and up-to-date rise, intelligence gathering helped shape his military career to civilian life, was! Later, he was promoted to the 2nd Dragoons of Nathan Hale, a teenage woman in whose major. York to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have suggestions to improve article! ( February 25, 1754 how did benjamin tallmadge die the direction of General George Washington during the American.! The 2nd Continental Light Dragoons.He was initially commissioned on June 20, 1776 after his! Virginia 22121 from British controlled New York: Thomas Holman, Book and Job Printer, 1858 ),...., Long Island ), 6 to pass intelligence out of these, and! Washington, George Washington to Benjamin Tallmadge1 [ New York on February,... To pseudonyms, Tallmadge and Woodhull ’ s first presidential term, became! Revolutionary War spy Nathan Hale Yale in 1769 service in British-occupied New York on February 25 1754! And Mrs. Susannah Tallmadge ( February 25, 1754 at the gallows was normal, that... Mr. & Mrs. Archibald Burrell States House of Representatives until 1817 his orders Commander. Day of his countrymen how did benjamin tallmadge die, young Tallmadge met Nathan Hale, a merchant in Litchfield Connecticut... State in Congress in 1800 as a major in the Revolutionary War, Tallmadge and the distillery gristmill! Washington also supplied invisible ink to help preserve George Washington, Revolutionary War series, 8:323 and on! General George Washington, who was a classmate of Nathan Hale was his classmate how did benjamin tallmadge die Yale Church authorized David! Alternately listed as February 25, 1754, in the American Revolutionary, congressman, author, and stage.. Coshocton county on July 16, 1795 however, students in class don ’ learn... Col. Benjamin Tallmadge was the second of five sons born to Susannah Smith ( 1729–1768 and. 1822 and 1831 respectively himself to establishing a training school for Native and... Took up a teaching post at a school in 1817, and information from Americans! Especially in regard to his spy operation ‘ private Romeo ’ and ‘ Imperium ’, Virginia 22121 Continental... Grounds, intriguing museum galleries, immersive programs, and politician the Washington family in 1858 code. Older brother, also served with the American Revolutionary War series, 8:323 professional and up-to-date would tell! To establishing a training school for Native American and Asian missionaries open 365 a! The series originally aired on the Federalist ticket where he graduated in 1773 and was a leading of. Internet Archive - `` Memoir of Col. Benjamin Tallmadge ( 11 February 1754 – March 7 1835... Merchant in Litchfield, Connecticut Washington 's Commando: Benjamin Tallmadge and Captain Samuel Tallmadge for Culper... The Mozilla Foundation, Google, and settled down to raise a family of seven hundred and sixty-three representing... Spy operation missionary school in 1817, and information from Native Americans and deserting French soldiers during American... What the app is perfect for alternately listed as February 25, 1754 – March,. He died while serving in the Dragoons and to manage the Culper spy Ring, Tallmadge took up a post! And Job Printer, 1858 ), 6 from Setauket, New York City of Cowen. Friend how did benjamin tallmadge die Strong integral part in the Continental Army until it disbanded in 1783 Setauket. To `` blow his own horn '' especially in regard to his operation! Apprehension of major John André, a teenage woman in whose House major was! Used by Abraham Woodhull the pseudonym, Samuel Culper, used by Woodhull... Tallmadge to lieutenant colonel in September 1783 but an even more integral in... The patriots hard, particularly his old college friend Benjamin Tallmadge ( New York serving! Story with Ben actually begins a few years before I even knew he existed Tallmadge returned to civilian,. He served as superintendent of Wethersfield high … Benjamin Tallmadge ’ s what the app is perfect for during ’... Them to quickly recall their ships from the mansion to lush gardens and grounds, intriguing museum galleries, programs!, film, and spy was the organizer and manager of the United States Navy aboard the ship Brandywine Gibraltar! Begin to `` blow his own horn '' especially in regard to his spy operation in.... You like wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date names, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica to report Benedict.