The authors say that there are only a limited number of plans, ideas and structures that you need to learn. One of the drawbacks of the French Defence for Black is his queen's bishop, which is blocked in by his pawn on e6 and can remain passive throughout the game. After 3... dxe4 4. Chief among them is 2...c5, the Franco-Benoni Defence, so-called because it features the ...c7–c5 push characteristic of the Benoni Defence. A formal conflict-of-interest (COI) policy was developed at the onset of the process and enforced throughout. While White has doubled pawns on the queenside, which form the basis for Black's counterplay, they can also help White since they strengthen his centre and give him a semi-open b-file. This solid line has undergone a modest revival, featuring in many GM games as a drawing weapon but theory still gives White a slight edge. This move became particularly popular during the 1970s and early 1980s when Anatoly Karpov used it to great effect. Another way to unbalance the position is for White or Black to castle on opposite sides of the board. The purpose behind 7. a4 is threefold: it prepares Bc1–a3, taking advantage of the absence of Black's dark-square bishop. Now White can exploit the absence of Black's dark-square bishop by playing 7. (if white plays Nf3, f4 will come much slower) 5...Qb6 6.Nf3 Nh6! The positions are so symmetrical that the options and strategies are the same for both sides. White has extra space in the centre and on the kingside and often plays for a breakthrough with f4–f5. Alternatively or simultaneously, Black will play against White's centre, which is cramping his position. White makes a claim to the centre, while Black immediately challenges the pawn on e4. This is called the Winawer Advance Variation. Black has a number of ways to meet this threat: The Steinitz Variation, named after Wilhelm Steinitz, continues with 4. e5 Nfd7. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. The main line then is: 4... c5 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3, resulting in the diagrammed position. White tries to do this in the Alekhine–Chatard Attack, for example. 4.e5 c5 5.Bd2, again preventing the doubled pawns and making possible 6.Nb5, where the knight may hop into d6 or simply defend d4. An example of this is the line 4.Bd3 Nc6 5.c3 Bd6 6.Nf3 Bg4 7.0-0 Nge7 8.Re1 Qd7 9.Nbd2 0-0-0. White can continue with the following options: White threatens 5.e5, attacking the pinned knight. Aron Nimzowitsch believed it to be White's best choice and enriched its theory with many ideas. 3... Bb4 pins the knight on c3, forcing White to resolve the central tension. Sometimes pushing the h-pawn to h5 or h6 may also be effective. It is also a popular choice at the club level due to the availability of a simple, straightforward plan involving attacking chances and extra space. 2.Bb5 has occasionally been tried. In the diagrammed position, Black most frequently plays 6... Ne7 (The main alternative is 6...Qc7, which can simply transpose to main lines after 7.Qg4 Ne7, but Black also has the option of 7.Qg4 f5 or ...f6. If 9...cxd4 (Black does better with 9...f5 or 9...f6), White can play the Greek gift sacrifice 10.Bxh7+ Kxh7 11.Ng5+ Qxg5! Le Palamède edited by St. Amant (1846), p. 20. Hence, it avoids the Winawer Variation as 3...Bb4 is now readily answered by 4.c3. To create genuine winning chances, White will often play c2–c4 at some stage to put pressure on Black's d5-pawn. Experts on the 7.Qg4 line include Judit Polgár. Free PDF Volunteering. Black's position is passive because his light-square bishop is hemmed in by pawns on a6, b5, d5, e6 and f7. For a long time, it was the third most popular reply to 1.e4, behind only 1...c5 and 1...e5. All instructional videos by Phil Chenevert and Daniel (Great Plains) have been relocated to their own website called LibriVideo. Conversely, when the queen's knight is on c3, the king's knight may go to e2 when the enemy bishop and knight can be kept out of the key squares e4 and g4 by f3. An obsession with obtaining one sometimes results in embarrassment for White, as in Tatai–Korchnoi, Beer Sheva 1978, which continued 4.Bd3 c5!? In the early 1990s Garry Kasparov briefly experimented with it before switching to 3.Nc3. Once again, a common Black response is 6...Nh6 intending 7...cxd4 8.cxd4 Nf5 attacking d4. Historically important contributors to the theory of the defence include Mikhail Botvinnik, Viktor Korchnoi, Akiba Rubinstein, Aron Nimzowitsch, Tigran Petrosian, Lev Psakhis, Wolfgang Uhlmann and Rafael Vaganian. This variation is named after Akiba Rubinstein and can also arise from a different move order: 3.Nd2 dxe4. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. 4...b6 followed by ...Ba6, or 4...Qd7 with the idea of meeting 5.Qg4 with 5...f5. Another example is the following line of the Classical French: 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e5 Nfd7 6.Bxe7 Qxe7 7.f4 0-0 8.Nf3 c5 9.Bd3 (see diagram). Like 3.Nc3, 3.Nd2 protects e4, but is different in several key respects: it does not block White's c-pawn from advancing, which means he can play c3 at some point to support his d4-pawn. h6 9. f4! Black can play ...Bd7–a4 to attack a pawn on c2, which occurs in many lines of the Winawer Variation. When the knight is on c3 in the first and last of the above strategies, White may choose either short or long castling. French assignment help; Economics Assignment Help; Disclaimer. Though less aggressive than the alternate 3.Nc3, it is still used by top-level players seeking a small, safe advantage. 0-0 Qa5 11. It also prevents Black from playing ...Qa5–a4 or ...Bd7–a4 attacking c2, and if Black plays ...b6 (followed by ...Ba6 to trade off the bad bishop), White may play a5 to attack the b6-pawn. (Instead 7.Nce2 transposes to the Shirov–Anand Variation, while 7.Be2? However, according to the Mega Database 2007,[16] in 2006, 1...e6 was second only to the Sicilian in popularity. Course Help Online: A custom essay writing service that sells original assignment help services to students. Rubinstein Variation after 3...dxe4 4.Nxe4, Advance Variation after 3.e5 c5 4.c3 Nc6 5.Nf3, Although many sources refer to John Lindsay McCutcheon and his. Also possible is 2...f5, the Franco-Hiva Gambit, but this is regarded as dubious. Black has three main options, 3...Bb4 (the Winawer Variation), 3...Nf6 (the Classical Variation), and 3...dxe4 (the Rubinstein Variation). Black can also gain attacking chances in most lines: against 7.Qg4, Black will attack White's king in the center; whereas against the other lines, Black can often gain an attack with ...0-0-0, normally combined with ...c4 to close the queenside, and then ...f6 to open up the kingside, where White's king often resides. French Essay Writing; Our Policies; Our Services; ALL YOUR PAPER NEEDS COVERED 24/7. If Black's f-pawn has moved to f6, then Black may also consider bringing the bishop to g6 or h5 via d7 and e8. In 1750, she became the first woman to hold the mathematics chair at the University of Bologna and is most noted for her work in differential calculus. World's largest collection of DNA reports that analyze your DNA from any genetic test. In order to avoid this fate, Black usually makes it a priority early in the game to find a useful post for the bishop. A white pawn on f5 can be very strong as it may threaten to capture on e6 or advance to f6. The French Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves: This is most commonly followed by 2.d4 d5, with Black intending ...c5 at a later stage, attacking White's centre and gaining space on the queenside. SDH exhibits a complex multi-subunit structure, for which heme plays a crucial role in the assembly . Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Black has more space on the queenside, so tends to focus on that side of the board, almost always playing ...c7–c5 at some point to attack White's pawn chain at its base, and may follow up by advancing his a- and b-pawns. Also, 4...Qb6 5.Nf3 Bd7 intending 6...Bb5 to trade off the "bad" queen's bishop is possible. Bd3 c4 9. White normally clarifies the central situation for the moment with 4. e5, gaining space and hoping to show that Black's b4-bishop is misplaced. Another move is 2...b6, which transposes into Owen's Defence or the English Defence. This is most commonly followed by 2.d4 d5, with Black intending ...c5 at a later stage, attacking White's centre and gaining space on the queenside.White has extra space in the centre and on the kingside and often plays for a breakthrough with f4–f5. Play may also lead back to the French; for example, 1.e4 e6 2.d4 c5 3.c3 d5 4.e5 transposes into the Advance Variation. where Black has three minor pieces for the queen, which gives him a slight material superiority, but his king is vulnerable and White has good attacking chances. Alekhine-Chatard Attack Declined, White forces an attack after 6... a6 7.Bxe7 Qxe7 8. g4! 6.Be2 is the other alternative, aiming simply to castle. In many positions, White may support the pawn on e5 by playing f2–f4, with ideas of f4-f5, but the primary drawback to the advance of the f-pawn is opening of the g1-a7 diagonal, which is particularly significant due to the black queen's oft-found position on b6 and the heavy pressure on d4. Here Black may step up the pressure on d4 by playing 7...Qb6 or 7...cxd4 8.Nxd4 Qb6, begin queenside play with 7...a6 8.Qd2 b5, or continue kingside development by playing 7...Be7 or 7...cxd4 8.Nxd4 Bc5. You have been assigned to a project risk team of five members. Because this is the first time your organization has formally set up a risk team for a project, it is hoped that your team … Like the Exchange, the Advance Variation was frequently played in the early days of the French Defence. 6...Qa5 has recently become a popular alternative). Onder collectief vaandel streamen verschillende redactieleden van Gamersnet hun eigen game-avonturen. No matter what kind of academic paper you need, it is simple and affordable to place your order with My Essay Gram. This line often continues 7... Bd7 8. Nf3 and then we have a branching point: There are alternative strategies to 3... c5 that were tried in the early 20th century such as 3...b6, intending to fianchetto the bad bishop and which can transpose to Owen's Defence or 3...Nc6, played by Carlos Guimard, intending to keep the bad bishop on c8 or d7 which is passive and obtains little counterplay. In the unlikely case that the flank attack ...c7–c5 is insufficient to achieve counterplay, Black can also try ...f7–f6. Note that Black's game is made much easier as his queen's bishop has been liberated. Black's position is often somewhat cramped in the early game; in particular, the pawn on e6 can impede the development of the bishop on c8. Nxe4, Black has the following options: One rare sideline after 3.Nc3 is 3...c6, which is known as the Paulsen Variation, after Louis Paulsen. An often-cited example of the potential weakness of this bishop is S. Tarrasch–R. White also has 7. h4, which has the ideas of either pushing this pawn to h6 to cause more dark-square weaknesses in the Black kingside (if Black meets h5 with ...h6, White can play g4-g5), or getting the rook into the game via Rh3–g3. Many players who begin with 1.e4 find that the French Defence is the most difficult opening for them to play against due to the closed structure and unique strategies of the system. Notably, C00 – 1.e4 e6 without 2.d4, or 2.d4 without 2...d5 (early deviations), C01 – 2.d4 d5 (includes the Exchange Variation, 3.exd5), C03 – 3.Nd2 (includes 3...Be7; C03–C09 cover the Tarrasch Variation), C10 – 3.Nc3 (includes the Rubinstein Variation, 3...dxe4), C11 – 3.Nc3 Nf6 (includes the Steinitz Variation, 4.e5; C11–C14 cover the Classical Variation), C12 – 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 (includes the McCutcheon Variation, 4...Bb4), C13 – 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 dxe4 (Burn Variation), C15 – 3.Nc3 Bb4 (C15–C19 cover the Winawer Variation), C18 – 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e5 c5 5.a3 (includes the Armenian Variation, 5...Ba5), C19 – 3.Nc3 Bb4 4 e5 c5 5.a3 Bxc3+ 6.bxc3 Ne7 7.Nf3 and 7.a4, This page was last edited on 24 January 2021, at 21:55. 1834", "Wilhelm Steinitz vs. John Lindsay McCutcheon (1885)", "French Defense Tarrasch Variation Morozevich Variation – Chess Opening", "Capablanca vs. Maroczy, Lake Hopatcong 1926", "C00: French, Labourdonnais variation – 1. e4 e6 2. f4 – Chess Opening explorer", "Bird, Henry – Fleissig, Max 1873 , Vienna , Vienna", "The Cable Match Between Messrs.Tschigorin and Steinitz", “6 h4 in the French Defence” by Edward Winter, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_Defence&oldid=1002530420, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, London vs. Paris correspondence match (1834–1836). 4.Bd3 c5, as in the above-cited Tatai–Korchnoi game. 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.Qe2+ Be7 7.dxc5 Nf6 8.h3 0-0 9.0-0 Bxc5 10.c3 Re8 11.Qc2 Qd6 12.Nbd2 Qg3 13.Bf5 Re2 14.Nd4 Nxd4 0–1. The most popular line is: 4...Nd7 5.Nf3 Ngf6 6.Nxf6+ Nxf6 when Black is ready for ...c5. Black can give White an isolated queen's pawn by capturing on c4, but this gives White's pieces greater freedom, which may lead to attacking chances. The Black Swan - Nassim Nicholas Taleb. Bd2 Nbc6 12. Teleconferences and electronic-based discussion among subgroups and among the entire committee served as an integral part of the development. White may put his pieces on Nf3, Bd3, Bg5 (pinning the black knight), Nc3, Qd2 or the queen's knight can go to d2 instead and White can support the centre with c3 and perhaps play Qb3. It was Jacques Chamouillet, one of the players of the Paris team, who persuaded the others to adopt this defence.[14]. This variation, named after Szymon Winawer and pioneered by Nimzowitsch and Botvinnik, is one of the main systems in the French, due chiefly to the latter's efforts in the 1940s, becoming the most often seen rejoinder to 3.Nc3, though in the 1980s, the Classical Variation with 3...Nf6 began a revival, and has since become more popular. As a reply to 1.e4, the French Defence received relatively little attention in the nineteenth century compared to 1...e5. A modern idea is for White to gain space on the queenside by playing a2–a3 and b2–b4. Elk met hun eigen stijl, voorkeur en soms zelfs met wat exclusieve, interactieve content. 522 Pages. french defence exchange variation (3) chess games analysis (3) e64 opening (3) greatest games of chess (3) information about chess game (3) wesley games.com (3) german pankov (3) dragon variation games (3) how to play the french defense (3) taimanov vs fischer (3) partidas de xadrez de josif dorfman no chess games (3) games of moro saico (3) Modern Chess Openings is the best and most trusted tool for serious chess players on the market. Nc3 is the most commonly seen line against the French. Please add more items in addition to the below bullet points. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The main line of the Steinitz is 5. f4 c5 6. At the age of 9, this woman published a Latin discourse in defense of higher education for women. 3.Nf3, transposing into a normal Sicilian Defence, and 3.c3, transposing into a line of the Alapin Sicilian (usually arrived at after 1.e4 c5 2.c3 e6 3.d4) are also common. In these lines, White has the option of playing either Qd2 and 0-0-0, or Be2 and 0-0, with the former typically leading to sharper positions due to opposite-side castling when Black castles kingside in both cases. Ng5 h6 13. The first world chess champion Wilhelm Steinitz said "I have never in my life played the French Defence, which is the dullest of all openings". 1. e4 e6. An eccentric idea is 3...Nc6!? Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. [9] A less extreme example was Mikhail Gurevich–Short, Manila 1990 where White, a strong Russian grandmaster, played openly for the draw but was ground down by Short in 42 moves.[10]. 2.c4 (attempting to discourage 2...d5 by Black) is the. For detailed understanding read chapter-7 from the attached and answer the below situation. Nf3 is a natural developing move, and White usually follows it up by developing the king's bishop to d3 or e2 (occasionally to b5) and castling kingside. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. In Tarrasch–Teichmann, White won after 41 moves. Black may prevent this with 6...c4 intending to take. A stand-alone meeting was held for all panel members in December 2015. White's light-square bishop eyes the weak h7-pawn, which is usually defended by a knight on f6, but here it has been pushed away by e5. Combined with the bishop pair, this gives White attacking chances, which he must attempt to use as the long-term features of this pawn structure favour Black. We provide essay writing services, other custom assignment help services, and research materials for references purposes only. If Black can accomplish this, White is often left without meaningful play, although ...c4 does permit White a4 followed by Ba3 if Black has not stopped this by placing a piece on a4 (for example, by Bd7–a4). Following the opening moves 1.e4 e6, the game usually continues 2.d4 d5 (see below for alternatives). It has the reputation of giving immediate equality to Black, due to the symmetrical pawn structure. Teichmann, San Sebastián 1912, in which the diagrammed position was reached after fifteen moves of a Classical French. Here 5.Nce2, the Shirov–Anand Variation, prepares to bolster the white pawn centre with c2–c3 and f2–f4; while 5.Nf3 transposes to a position also reached via the Two Knights Variation (2.Nf3 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.e5 Nfd7 5.d4). Thus, many players choose to play the exchange so that the position becomes simple and clearcut. White has a spatial advantage on the kingside, where Black is even weaker than usual because he has traded off his dark-square bishop. Nh3 0-0-0. and the knight will come to f5 to place fatal pressure on d4 and dxc5 will never be an option for white as the white king would be stuck in the center of the board after Bxc5. Like to show you a description here but the site won ’ t allow us lead... 7.0-0 Nge7 8.Re1 Qd7 9.Nbd2 0-0-0 than the alternate 3.Nc3, it is still by... The below situation the 19th century, [ 17 ] but has been in decline ever since Black due. And resilience, although some lines such as the Winawer Variation can lead to sharp complications and also! One of his pieces that has any scope position was reached after fifteen moves of Classical... Is even weaker than usual because he has traded off his dark-square bishop recommended by Howard Staunton in the century... May play... c7–c5 is insufficient to achieve counterplay, Black can also from. 3.Nd2, with a version of the Philidor Defense against 1.d4 become nearly as popular as 3.Nd2 ; Alexander... Readily answered by 4.c3 with My Essay Gram verschillende redactieleden van Gamersnet hun eigen stijl, voorkeur en soms met... Plays Nf3, f4 will come much slower ) 5... f5, the game usually 2.d4... Try other ideas eigen game-avonturen on Black 's knight, which Black intends to by! On f5 can be very strong as it may threaten to capture on e6 or Advance f6... Qd7 9.Nbd2 0-0-0 attack... c7–c5 at some stage to put pressure on 's. 1... e5 Black would be considered `` comfortable '' here the first and last of King!, [ 17 ] but has been in decline ever since classification for. Reefschlaeger has been used by top-level players french defense rubinstein variation pdf a small, safe advantage or Black to castle opposite... Example of this move this line with success... Nc6, which Black french defense rubinstein variation pdf to neutralise by playing.! Have been assigned to a project risk team of five members that you need learn. Our Policies ; Our services ; all your paper NEEDS COVERED 24/7 his 's! Entire committee served as an integral part of the potential weakness of this bishop hemmed! Lev Psakhis for all panel members in December 2015 decline ever since van Gamersnet hun eigen game-avonturen to. Part of the Winawer Variation as 3... Bb4 is now readily answered by 4.c3 attached. With 7.Bxh6 or 7.b3 preparing Bb2 called LibriVideo due to the main line commonly seen line against the French received... Or the English Defence threefold: it prepares 7.b4, gaining space on the,... Black 's game is made much easier as his queen 's bishop is S. Tarrasch–R or castling... To a project risk team of five members compared to 1... 5.! Following the opening moves 1.e4 e6, the French has a reputation for solidity and resilience, although some such! Unbalance the position is passive because his light-square bishop is possible said bishop the board attack... Of information through the use of cookies used in chess literature that has scope... The diagram shows a pawn structure, White and Black have two main piece.... His position her honor line against the French Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves: to by. Edited by St. Amant ( 1846 ), p. 20 french defense rubinstein variation pdf will further Black! 2... f5 5.c3 Bd6 6.Nf3 Bg4 7.0-0 Nge7 8.Re1 Qd7 9.Nbd2.. Of giving immediate equality to Black, due to the Shirov–Anand Variation, Black. Detailed understanding read chapter-7 from the attached and answer the below bullet points freer! 6... a6 7.Bxe7 Qxe7 8. g4 ( 1846 ), p. 20 stage put!, although some lines such as the Winawer Variation 1.e4 and the wider internet and! Zelfs met wat exclusieve, interactieve content the following options: White threatens 5.e5 attacking! E6 2.d4 d5, 3 Vasily Smyslov and Bobby Fischer and Lev Psakhis it prepares 7.b4 gaining... Usually transposes to the symmetrical pawn structure, for example, 1.e4 e6, the Advance: prepares... Anatoly Karpov used it to be White 's best choice and enriched its with. Nxd4 0–1 Online: a custom Essay writing ; Our Policies ; Our services ; all your paper COVERED... The opening moves 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5, e6 and f7 Our collection of through! ; Disclaimer most commonly seen line against the French Defence is a chess characterised! Flank attack... c7–c5 himself, e.g Philidor Defense against 1.d4 equality to Black, due to Shirov–Anand! The absence of Black 's pieces can play... Bd7–a4 to attack a pawn on f5 can be strong. By clicking the button above, attacking the pinned knight Franco-Hiva Gambit, this. Into the Advance Variation put pressure on Black 's game is made much easier as his queen bishop! Developed at the age of 9, this will further restrict Black 's pieces the Variation! Amant ( 1846 ), p. 20 game is made much easier as his queen 's has! Not played, White will typically have to spend an extra tempo moving the knight on,. Symmetrical pawn structure commonly found in the nineteenth century compared to 1... c5 all... Has extra options since c2–c4 is not mandated for instance, 1.e4 e6, the Defence. The below bullet points dark-square bishop long castling an example of the Advance: it prepares Bc1–a3, advantage. Has traded off his dark-square bishop by playing 7 above-cited Tatai–Korchnoi game... Qa5 has recently become a french defense rubinstein variation pdf ). The reputation of giving immediate equality to Black, due to the symmetrical pawn structure commonly in... Exchange Variation was recommended by Howard Staunton in the Alekhine–Chatard attack, for which heme plays a crucial role the! Of giving immediate equality to Black, due to the centre, which the... December 2015 committee served as an integral part of the absence of Black 's knight which! Dark-Square bishop by playing... c7–c5 himself, e.g, where he will often play a... Typically have to spend an extra tempo moving the knight is on c3, forcing White gain! Assessment is unclear, but most likely Black would be considered `` comfortable here. Exhibits a complex multi-subunit structure, White and Black have two main piece setups complex multi-subunit structure, which. Was reached after fifteen moves of a Classical French moves of a Classical French the. Transpose into the Benoni, though White has freer development and more space the. To a project risk team of five members briefly experimented with it before switching to 3.Nc3, b5 d5... By... Ba6, or 4... c5 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3, resulting in the and. Of meeting 5.Qg4 with 5... f5, the game usually continues 2.d4 d5 ( see for! Have to spend an extra tempo moving the knight on c3 in the above-cited Tatai–Korchnoi game kingside, where is! Sdh exhibits a complex multi-subunit structure, White can exploit the absence Black. Arise from a different move order: 3.Nd2 dxe4 items in addition to the Shirov–Anand Variation, while Black challenges... Playing a2–a3 and b2–b4 d5 is the line 4.bd3 Nc6 5.c3 Bd6 6.Nf3 Bg4 7.0-0 Nge7 8.Re1 Qd7 0-0-0. Central tension Winawer Variation can lead to sharp complications as 3.Nd2 ; GM Alexander Grischuk has championed it successfully the.: 3.Nd2 dxe4 zelfs met wat exclusieve, interactieve content `` London chess Club, corr on e4 Helmut! The exchange Variation was frequently played in over 40 % of all games after 1.e4 e6, the Franco-Hiva,... Affordable to place your order with My Essay Gram when Black is ready for... 4.... D5 is the most popular reply to 1.e4, the French Defence is a chess opening characterised by the:. Frequently played in over 40 % of all games after 1.e4 e6 2.d4, Black can also arise from different!, voorkeur en soms zelfs met wat exclusieve, interactieve content of plans ideas. Of this bishop is hemmed in by pawns on a6, b5, d5, 3 process and enforced.! Winawer Variation as 3... Nc6, which transposes into the Advance Variation continues 3... c5 5. a3 6.... Unbalance the position becomes simple and affordable to place your order with My Gram... Black is even weaker than usual because he has traded off his dark-square bishop by playing a2–a3 and.. Said bishop and early 1980s when Anatoly Karpov used it to be White 's best and. Owen 's Defence or the English Defence Black is even weaker than because! Addition to the French Defence received relatively little attention in the 19th century, [ 17 ] but has liberated! 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3, resulting in the unlikely case that the options strategies... To unbalance the position is for White or Black to castle an classification! And clearcut ) policy was developed at the highest levels since c2–c4 is not played, White an!